The Policy of Territorial Development of the Czech Republic presents polycentric development, territorial cohesion, improved accessibility and support for regional clusters among its national priorities. This paper analyses the context and position of spatial development policy with reference to its powers and potentials to achieve these goals. It also reviews the recent changes in spatial development, as well as planned infrastructural projects that may influence spatial development towards polycentricity or monocentricity, and discusses which spatial and functional pattern(s) may develop in particular regions of the country. Special attention is devoted to the influence of major infrastructure projects, foreign investments and the prospects of emerging crossborder polycentric systems.