This paper is concerned with the topic of energy efficiency of spatial structures with particular interest to the regional scale. Energy efficiency of spatial structures can become important part of our struggle for energy-efficiency while this topic is still disregarded by policymakers. This can decrease benefits of other energy-efficiency policies due to rebound effects and energy security problems. The latter is addressed with population potential analysis for Czech Republic based on peak oil induced energy price turbulence bahaviour scenario. Possible winners and losers are discussed.