This article deals with the environmental impact assessment of transport structures, which are a key factor in the planning and implementation of infrastructure projects. The main objective of the study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the methodologies and tools used to assess the environmental impact of transport structures, with an emphasis on minimising negative impacts. The work addresses various aspects of assessment, including greenhouse gas emissions, water and soil pollution, biodiversity loss and landscape impact. The paper also focuses on the importance of public participation and stakeholder involvement in the assessment process. The results of this study show that the integration of environmental assessment at an early stage of planning can lead to a significant reduction of negative environmental impacts while promoting sustainable development of transport infrastructure. Finally, recommendations are offered to improve current assessment practices, including the use of advanced technologies and methods to more accurately predict and monitor impacts.