Ing. arch. Jiří Vele

prof. Dr. Henri Hubertus Achten, Ing. arch. Jiří Vele

While the CAD model is being prepared for 3D printing, it is sliced into layers. Contrary to planar slicing, where an object is cut by horizontal planes and then a curve for the toolpath is generated from these intersections, non-planar slicing uses twisted planes for object cutting. It brings freedom to toolpath creation and each object can be printed in adjusted layers that reflect its geometry. Benefits of such printing are being explored in plastics and involve enhanced surface finish, cracking reduction and ability to print cantilevers. This paper examines printability of overhangs using clay non-planar printing. Basic potter's clay, from an art supplies shop was mixed with additional water and let in room temperature for one day. Desktop FDM delta printer was retrofitted with a clay printhead, its extruder motor was geared into a 19:1 ratio and connected to the ram. This ram pushes clay from a tank and nylon tube through a 4mm thick nozzle. Set of vase-like objects was designed, each with a different overhang. Starting at 10 degrees and ending at 70 degrees, in increments of 5 degrees. Objects were modelled in Rhinoceros software and G-code for both planar and non-planar print was generated in Grasshopper. Each of those objects were printed twice, once planarly and once non-planarly. During the printing buckling and collapsing of printed objects was monitored. Non-planar printing improves buildability and reduces deformation of overhangs. Right after the print and after they got dry, objects were measured for their deformation. Shrinkage during the drying was measured to be 12,5%. Ideal toolpath for non-planar printing seems to be the one having layers perpendicular to the overhang. Model evaluation and non-planar printing data preparation is being discussed in the paper. If used on a large scale, non-planar printing may allow printing walls with holes for plumbing, or even printing vaults or bridges.

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Ing. arch. Jiří Vele

This paper investigates the potential integration of blockchain and distributed ledger technologies with Additive Manufacturing in the context of architectural design and fabrication. The study aims to identify knowledge gaps, explore the affinity between these technologies, and challenge the current architecture production paradigm. Through a comprehensive state-of-the-art review and analysis of academic papers and industrial case studies, we identified emerging themes and gaps in the literature. We also examined the misalignment of incentives among key participants of the proposed systems. Our findings highlighted the relevance of blockchain technology in additive manufacturing, but also revealed significant challenges and misalignments in incentives among stakeholders. We argue that further research and experimentation are necessary to fully understand the technical feasibility and impact of integrating these technologies in architectural design and fabrication.

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prof. Dr. Henri Hubertus Achten, Ing. arch. Lukáš Kurilla, Ph.D., Ing. arch. Jiří Vele

The traditional method of data preparation for 3D printing, known as planar slicing, involves slicing the 3D model into horizontal layers and printing them gradually. This is the simplest option with the main parameter being layer height. However, this method has several limitations, including poor surface finish with stair-stepping contours of layers at steep angles and a necessity to print additional support structure for overhangs. Nonplanar slicing is a newer method that involves slicing the 3D model into non-horizontal layers with varying layer heights. This technique is mostly explored in plastics, with observed improvements in buildability, surface finish and reduction of cracking alongside the layers. In construction scale, non-planar printing is used primarily for achieving unique surface finish, or for printing on an uneven base. Its potential for improving buildability is still yet to be properly tested. This paper examines how non-planar layers can be derived with a help of force flow lines and how it affects the buildability. While printing overhangs, shear force can ultimately break the interlayer bond and layers can start deforming and sliding on top of each other, resulting in buckling, or even collapse. By guiding these forces into the bulk of layers instead of interlayer bonds, printing capabilities can be improved. Goal of this paper is to present how buildability of overhangs can be improved using non-planar slicing. Non-planar layers are derived from force flow line simulations done in Karamba3D. For printing we use clay, as a fast and simple prototyping method with the aim to later utilise our findings into concrete printing.

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doc. Ing. arch. Kateřina Sýsová, Ph.D., Ing. arch. Jiří Vele, Mgr. Matěj Róth

With supply chain issues and rising price of construction materials, mycelium can potentially provide reliable, eco-friendly and sustainable alternatives to traditional construction materials as substrates used for growing mycelium can contain almost any recycled cellulose: sawdust, used coffee grounds or paper. Characteristics of the final product are determined by substrate, mushroom species, the time of growth and further treatment of mycelium (e.g. high pressure forming). In this paper we describe semestral work of both students and tutors of an Experimental studio, focused on additive manufacturing together with rather novel sustainable materials. Students’ semestral task was to find use cases for mycelium as a building element. As a part of the assessment they were tasked to come up with use cases, designs, manufacturing methods and finally build a mock-up model in 1:5 scale. Students intuitively started with the combination of digital modelling plus digital fabrication. In the end they finished with manufacturing the physical model traditionally, where they had to react to the change of the visual outcome of the model. Firstly, we present the students’ solution for the mycelium material used in their model, next, we describe our observation of the whole process of letting students go through “learning by doing” research, Finally, we present lessons learned in this experiment.

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doc. Ing. arch. Kateřina Sýsová, Ph.D., Ing. arch. Šimon Prokop, Ing. arch. Jiří Vele

15116 Ústav modelového projektování

Protokoly obsahují vyhodnocení testů velkoformátového 3D tisku na různých extrudérech. Zkoušky probíhaly především s recyklovaným PETG. Ve zprávě je nastíněn i probíhající výzkum týkajíci se vlivu konformního potisku na pevnost originálního tenkostěnného dílu.

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Ing. arch. Šimon Prokop, Ing. arch. Jiří Vele

15116 Ústav modelového projektování

The paper describes a conceptual framework and the smart contract architecture for Crypto-Twins (CT) in the AEC industry, i.e. blockchain (BC) enabled digital twins. We describe the background, terminology of technologies involved, while the methodology follows design science research patterns to construct the framework and architecture of the Crypto-Twin. Further avenues for prototype development and validation of the framework are proposed in the conclusion.

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doc. Ing. arch. Kateřina Sýsová, Ph.D., Ing. arch. Jiří Vele

15116 Ústav modelového projektování

Mechanická ruka pro upevnění chytrého reproduktoru Amazon Echo Dot ke zdravot- nímu lůžku byla vyvinuta pro pilotní projekt “Využití hlasového asistenta pro pacienty s poraněním míchy” Spinální jednotky FN Motol. Je vytisknuta z recyklovaného filamentu R-PET.

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Ing. arch. Jiří Vele, doc. Ing. arch. Kateřina Sýsová, Ph.D.

15116 Ústav modelového projektování

Prvok is the first 3D printed concrete floating house in the Czech republic. Additive manufacturing - 3D printing became a synonym of sustainable building of the 21st century. Its experimental manner and lack of world's standardisation ISO approvals hold the 3D printing concrete method on the edge of usability and applicability and stop a broader spread of application in practice. Furthermore, the used material was newly developed cement composite prefabricated mixture mady by Master Builder Solutions with polypropylene plastic micro-fibres, which was not previously tested in large structures. What we achieved, was a practical realisation of a 3D printed fully equipped and functioning concrete house as a habitable statue for a public event. In order to fulfil the request on insulation and avoiding heat bridges together with investing least material possible, we parametrically designed and implemented a wall system of construction. In order to be able to open the structure to the public, we tested it on the universal loading machines at the Faculty of civil engineering CTU Prague in scale 1:1. Testing fragments of the walls were also part of the research goals, which led us to the final design. In this paper, we present the results of the experiment together with the experimentally obtained data.

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Ing. arch. Lukáš Kurilla, Ph.D., Ing. arch. Šimon Prokop, Ing. arch. Jiří Vele

15116 Ústav modelového projektování

With the advancement of augmented and virtual reality technologies both in scale as well as accessibility, the Metaverse (Stephenson, 1992, Hughes, 2022) has emerged as a new digital space with potential for the application of architectural creativity and design. With blockchain integration, the concept of the Metaverse shows promise in creating a “decentralised” space for design and creativity with rewards for its participants. As a platform that incorporates these technological components, does the Metaverse have utility for architectural design? Is there something truly novel in what the Metaverse brings to architectural computing, and architectural design? The paper constructs a qualitative knowledge graph that can be used for the evaluation of various kinds of Metaverses in and for architectural design. We use Design Science Research methods to develop the knowledge graph and its evaluative capacity, stemming from our experience with two Metaverses, Decentraland and Cryptovoxels. The paper concludes with a discussion of knowledge and practice gaps that are evident, framing the opportunities that architects might have in the future in terms of developing Metaverse(s).

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Ing. arch. Šimon Prokop, Ing. arch. Jiří Vele

15116 Ústav modelového projektování

We present “ArchiDAO”, a decentralised Autonomous Organisation, i.e an architecture studio run on via smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain. The objective of the paper is to offer a concise framework for the transformation of the way architectural work is conducted, via stigmergic principles, realised on smart contracts. The paper follows a systematic review of the Viable System Model, collective authorship in architectural design and previous DAO software stacks to extract a set of stigmergic principles. We conclude the paper with a discussion and a proposal for a basic set of smart contracts that can regulate the ArchiDAO operations.

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