Grafická statika v českých zemích (2. polovina 19. století až počátek 20. století)

prof. Dr. Ing. Martin Pospíšil, Ph.D., Ing. Markéta Vavrušková, Ph.D.

15122 Ústav nosných konstrukcí

Introduction: The study is a part of a long-term research monitoring current situation in educating Structural Engineering to architectural students. Being conducted at CTU in Prague, it compares its study programmes to ones of the selected leading British and German universities. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyse and compare aims, content and targeted skills of Structural Engineering subjects in bachelor courses of architecture. Our previous analysis (comparing the share of Structural Engineering subjects in curricula) showed the value of 8.33% for CTU in Prague, which seems to be underrepresented in the context of 27 selected leading English and German universities, where the share ranges between 10-15 % (English) resp. 15-25 % (German). Methods: Applied research: comparison, observation and analysis. Conclusions: We can classify aims, content and targeted skills of Structural Engineering courses at selected European faculties of architecture as of a similar character. Their long–term development and adjustment to the requirements of today’s marketplace made them almost identical. We can conclude that students at English and German speaking universities compared to students at CTU seem to have an advantage of more thorough and detailed training in order to adapt the skills needed for creating an effective design of the structure. Furthermore it seems that English and German students benefit from incorporating innovative methods of teaching into the learning process (e.g. hands-on experiments), guided cooperation seminars with civil engineering students and compulsory work placement as a part of their bachelor courses.

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prof. Dr. Ing. Martin Pospíšil, Ph.D., Ing. arch. Eva Svinteková, Ing. Markéta Vavrušková, Ph.D.

15122 Ústav nosných konstrukcí

Education of exact and technical subjects at traditional schools of architecture faces a difficult task to bring these disciplines to students of significantly lower technical perception, now. For this reason, at the Faculty of Architecture, Czech Technical University in Prague, a series of seminars containing the design of physical and virtual models completed by measuring and static calculations to supplement existing education of statics and applied structural mechanics is currently prepared.

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prof. Dr. Ing. Martin Pospíšil, Ph.D., Ing. Markéta Vavrušková, Ph.D.

15122 Ústav nosných konstrukcí

Share of Structural Engineering subjects in bachelor curricula of architectural studies at selected European universities typically ranges between 10-15% at most English speaking universities and between 15-25 % at most German speaking universities. Share of Structural Engineering subjects in master curricula of architectural studies is typically up to 5%, however some universities offer further specialization in Structural Engineering, which boost its share in curricula to 10-45%. The major objective of the study is to discuss different options in educating architects in the field of Structural Engineering and to monitor innovative methods used for its teaching. Two main streams in educating Structural Engineering to architects are represented by traditional teacher-centered instructional and behaviourist approach and more recent student-centered instructional and constructivist approach. Students of architecture are accustomed to learn in visual, creative way, therefore student-centered instruction and constructivism approach seems to be more beneficial for them. Typical example of this method is participating in guided interactive manipulation with models, which improves critical thinking, understanding of the structure and it supports the development of an intuitive design of a structure.

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prof. Dr. Ing. Martin Pospíšil, Ph.D., Ing. Markéta Vavrušková, Ph.D.

15122 Ústav nosných konstrukcí

Introduction Share of Structural Engineering subjects in bachelor curricula of architectural studies at selected European universities typically ranges between 10-15% at most English speaking universities and between 15-25 % at most German speaking universities. Share of Structural Engineering subjects in master curricula of architectural studies is typically up to 5%, however some universities offer further specialization in Structural Engineering, which boost its share in curricula to 10-45%. Objectives The major objective of the study is to discuss different options in educating architects in the field of Structural Engineering and to monitor innovative methods used for its teaching. Results Two main streams in educating Structural Engineering to architects are represented by traditional teacher-centered instructional and behaviourist approach and more recent student-centered instructional and constructivist approach. Conclusions Students of architecture are accustomed to learn in visual, creative way, therefore student-centered instruction and constructivism approach seems to be more beneficial for them. Typical example of this method is participating in guided interactive manipulation with models, which improves critical thinking, understanding of the structure and it supports the development of an intuitive design of a structure.

Detail

prof. Dr. Ing. Martin Pospíšil, Ph.D., Ing. arch. Eva Svinteková, Ing. Markéta Vavrušková, Ph.D.

15122 Ústav nosných konstrukcí

Education of exact and technical subjects at traditional schools of architecture faces a difficult task to bring these disciplines to students of significantly lower technical perception, now. For this reason, at the Faculty of Architecture, Czech Technical University in Prague, a series of seminars containing the design of physical and virtual models completed by measuring and static calculations to supplement existing education of statics and applied structural mechanics is currently prepared.

Detail

prof. Dr. Ing. Martin Pospíšil, Ph.D., Ing. Markéta Vavrušková, Ph.D.

15122 Ústav nosných konstrukcí

Abstract- Objectives- The main objective of the study is to analyze the importance of Structural Engineering at selected Czech and Slovak technical universities (by comparing the share of Structural Engineering subjects in curricula) and to monitor innovative teaching methods (including an assessment of a newly introduced pilot course of Visual Statics at the CTU in Prague). Results- Share of Structural Engineering in bachelor studies ranges between 5-8% at faculties of architecture and is around 15% at civil engineering faculties (except BUT with 6.25%). Structural Engineering in master courses ranges between 0-5% of curricula. Conclusions- Share of Structural Engineering subjects in bachelor curricula at selected Czech and Slovak technical universities (5-8%) seems to be underrepresented in comparison to selected European universities, where the share typically ranges between 10-15% at most English speaking universities and between 15-25 % at most German speaking universities. Share of Structural Engineering in master curricula at Czech and Slovak universities (up to 5%) is comparable to this of European universities. Some foreign universities however offer further specialization in Structural Engineering, which boosts its share in curricula to 10-45%. For students of architecture, who are accustomed to learn in visual, creative way, traditional teacher-centered instructional and behavioural approach in educating process seems to be less beneficial then student-centered instructional and constructivist approach which supports the development of an intuitive design of a structure.

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prof. Dr. Ing. Martin Pospíšil, Ph.D.

15122 Ústav nosných konstrukcí

In the works on structural mechanics, Victor Joseph Williot as an author of the procedure of graphical calculation of trusses deformations is always mentioned. He published his method in 1878, and subsequent adjustments to his method were done in 1887 by Christian Otto Mohr. In terms of the history of technology it is very interesting to find that shortly after the Williot´s publication, professor Vilém Bukovský presented his lecture on deformation of trusses in front of the Association of Engineers and Architects in Prague in January 1879. Bukovský presented his own method of calculation.

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